On 30 April 2025, Ukraine and the United States signed a landmark minerals agreement in Washington, D.C., marking a significant advancement in their bilateral partnership. The deal grants the U.S. preferential access to Ukraine’s critical mineral resources, such as titanium, lithium, and uranium—essential for technology, defence, and renewable energy sectors.
A central feature of the agreement is the establishment of the United States–Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund. This jointly managed initiative will support Ukraine’s post-war recovery, drawing on revenues from new mineral and energy licences. Crucially, Ukraine will retain full ownership and control of its natural resources, and the arrangement does not involve any debt obligations for the country.
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Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha described the agreement as a “milestone” in the Ukraine–U.S. relationship, underlining its potential to strengthen Ukraine’s economy and national security. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent echoed the sentiment, calling it a “historic economic partnership” that reflects America’s enduring commitment to Ukraine’s sovereignty and long-term stability.
The agreement follows protracted negotiations and supersedes an earlier, more controversial proposal. It is widely regarded as a strategic step towards reducing U.S. dependence on China for rare earth materials, while reinforcing Western support for Ukraine amid continued Russian aggression.
Although the agreement does not include formal security guarantees, it is expected to spur international investment in Ukraine’s underdeveloped mineral sector and potentially support its defence capabilities through enhanced U.S. military aid, including air defence systems.
